Market Summary September 2022

Global Market and Economic Update

Global markets continued their downward trend and ended the month significantly lower, capping off a volatile and particularly weak quarter. Global markets continued to face multiple headwinds in September; including elevated inflation leading to higher interest rates, continued geopolitical instability, UK fiscal lapses, China’s COVID-19 lockdowns, and global supply chain disruptions, to name a few. Given the prevailing environment, investors continued to focus on the increasing probability of a recession and what the cost would be to global economic growth, which led to a decline in asset prices in September. The decline was broad based, with global equities leading the fall, and global bonds recording their worst monthly decline since the early 1980’s.

Global inflation prints continue to remain elevated, with some developed economies showing recent declines in inflation. The annual inflation rate in the UK edged lower to 9.9% (year-on-year to the end of August), from 10.1% in July, which was the first time in 11 months that inflation has eased. Euro area inflation increased marginally to 9.1% (year-on-year to the end of August), to a new record high, as energy costs remain elevated. US headline inflation eased for a second straight month to 8.3% in August of 2022, from 8.5% in July. This is the lowest reading in four months. On the other hand, US core inflation surprised to the upside, and printed at 6.3% (year-on-year to the end of August), ahead of market expectations of 5.9%.  China’s annual inflation fell to 2.5% (year-on-year to the end of August), from July’s 2-year high of 2.7%, and less than market forecasts of 2.8%. The slowdown in consumer prices came amid efforts from Beijing to ease the impact of the pandemic.

Central banks continue to target inflation by aggressively hiking interest rates. During the September meeting, the Bank of England raised its key interest rate by 0.5% to 2.25%, the 7th consecutive rate hike, pushing borrowing costs to the highest since 2008. The European Central Bank raised interest rates by 0.75% in its September 2022 meeting, matching expectations from most analysts. The US Federal Reserve raised the federal funds rate by 0.75% to the 3%-3.25% range during its September 2022 meeting, in line with market forecasts, and the third straight three-quarter point increase. This pushed borrowing costs to the highest since 2008.

South African Market Update

South African asset classes proved more resilient than their global peers, but ended lower in September, as investor pessimism filtered through to South African asset classes.

South African equities ended September in the red, with most sectors posting a negative performance. Resources proved more resilient, and posted a positive return, given the firmer commodity complex and weak rand.  Financials trended lower as banks came under pressure, driven largely by Capitec, which fell -24.0% after their results pointed to a slowdown in earnings. Industrials came under pressure following a resilient August return and posted the lowest return of the SA equity sectors.

Local bonds ended the month lower but fared better than developed market peers. The yield curve shifted higher, and prices fell by the end of September, driven largely by indiscriminate selling across most asset classes.

Local property had yet another tough month, as inflation and bond yields moved higher. For the second month in a row, listed property was the worst performing asset class during the month of September.

South African Economic Update

In line with other global peers, South Africa’s annual inflation rate eased to 7.6% (year-on-year to the end of August) from an over 13-year high of 7.8% in July. Inflation, however, remains above the upper limit of the South African Reserve Bank’s target range of 3%-6%. Prices fell mostly for transport (21.2% vs. 25% in July), of which fuel (43.2% vs. 56.2%) was the largest contributor. The annual core inflation rate fell to 4.4% in August of 2022, from a near five-year high of 4.6% in the previous month.

Given the persistently high inflation and in line with global peers, the South African Reserve Bank raised its benchmark repo rate by 0.75% to 6.25% in the September 2022 meeting, in line with analysts’ forecasts. This is the sixth consecutive rate hike since November 2021, driven by price pressures posed by a weakening currency and the ongoing monetary policy tightening by the US Federal Reserve.

South Africa posted a surprise current account deficit of R87 billion in Q2 of 2022, compared with a surplus of R157 billion in Q1. It was the first current account deficit posted since the second quarter of 2020.

Manufacturing production in South Africa rose 3.7% (year-over-year to the end of July), below market estimates of 4%, following three consecutive months of downturn. There was a solid rebound in sales of food and beverages and motor vehicles, parts and accessories and other transport equipment.

Chart of the month: Given the sharp increase in interest rates in developed markets, emerging market bond funds suffer the biggest outflow on record in 2022.

See below for a summary of the key market movements for the month of September:

  • The JSE All Share Index (-4.1%) ended the month sharply lower, after a weak month in September.
  • The SA equity sell off was relatively broad based, with only Resources (+1.7%) posting a positive return. Financials (-6.0%) and Industrials (-6.4%) came under pressure over the month. Capitec (-24.0%), Discovery (-14.6%) and Life Healthcare Group (-14.1%) led the declines in the ALSI Top 60.
  • Listed property (-6.3%) ended the month considerably lower. The decline was broad based, but index heavyweights Redefine (-6.6%) and Growthpoint (-7.5%) led the decline in the listed property space over the month.
  • Local bonds (-2.1%) ended the month lower, as bond prices sold off indiscriminately across the curve, as yields rose in response to rising interest rates.
  • Cash delivered a positive return of +0.5% in September, ending the month yet again as the best performing local asset class. 
  • Most of the major developed equity markets ended the month in negative territory, after a particularly weak September. The MSCI World Index delivered a return of -9.3% in September, marginally ahead of its emerging market peers.
  • Emerging market equities underperformed developed market equities in September, giving up the August outperformance. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index ended the month -11.7% lower in September.
  • All the major global equity markets fell significantly in September. The UK’s FTSE 100 (-9.0%), Germany’s FSE DAX (-8.1%) and Japan’s Nikkei 225 (-10.8%) all delivered negative performance for the month. China’s Shanghai SE Composite (-8.2%) continued to come under pressure in September.
  • US equities had a volatile and particularly weak September. The US equity selloff was relatively broad based, with the technology-heavy NASDAQ 100 (-10.6%) leading the declines. The S&P 500 (-9.2%) ended the month lower and is down over -23% year-to-date.
  • In terms of the major commodities, Oil (-8.8%), and Gold (-2.6%) ended lower while Platinum (+2.3%) ended the month higher.
  • The rand performance was weaker against most of the major crosses this month. The currency lost ground against the US dollar (-5.2%), euro (-2.7%) and the pound sterling (-1.2%).

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